In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development by Carol Gilligan

In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development by Carol Gilligan is a groundbreaking and enduring work in psychology and ethics, first published in 1982. Often described as the book that started a revolution in gender studies and moral psychology, this seminal text challenges traditional theories of moral development by amplifying the experiences and voices of women—perspectives historically overlooked in academic research.

Gilligan critiques established models, particularly Lawrence Kohlberg’s framework, arguing that its emphasis on abstract principles and individual rights reflects a masculine bias. She demonstrates that women often approach moral questions through a different lens—one rooted in empathy, responsibility, and the importance of human connection. This approach, which Gilligan terms the ethics of care, highlights the significance of context and relationships in shaping moral reasoning.

Drawing on rich interviews and case studies—including those with women facing complex moral decisions—Gilligan offers profound insights into the ways gender influences thought, communication, and ethical judgment. Her work has had lasting influence across psychology, philosophy, education, and feminist theory, reshaping how scholars and practitioners understand development and moral reasoning.